| Category | Details |
|---|---|
| Award Overview | Nobel Prize in Medicine awarded annually since 1901 for groundbreaking medical discoveries. |
| Country with Most Prizes | USA leads with over 90 laureates. UK follows with ~29, and Germany with ~16 laureates. |
| Notable Laureates | Emil Adolf von Behring (1901, Germany): Serum therapy for diphtheria. |
| Robert Koch (1905, Germany): Research on tuberculosis. | |
| Karl Landsteiner (1930, Austria): Discovered human blood groups. | |
| Charles Sherrington & Edgar Adrian (1932, UK): Studied neuron functions. | |
| Thomas Hunt Morgan (1933, USA): Role of chromosomes in heredity. | |
| Alexander Fleming, Ernst Chain & Howard Florey (1945, UK): Discovered Penicillin. | |
| Paul Hermann Muller (1948, Switzerland): Insecticidal power of DDT. | |
| Arthur Kornberg (USA) & Severo Ochoa (1959, Spain/USA): Mechanisms of DNA and RNA. | |
| Luc Montagnier & Francoise Barre-Sinoussi (2008, France): Discovered HIV. | |
| Significance | Honors contributions improving human health; inspires young scientists. |
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