| Key Details | Information |
|---|---|
| Event | India and Nepal sign Letter of Exchange (LoE) amending the Protocol to the India-Nepal Treaty of Transit |
| Date of Signing | November 13, 2025 |
| Key Participants | India's Commerce Minister Piyush Goyal and Nepal's Industry and Commerce Minister Anil Kumar Sinha |
| Purpose | Liberalization and expansion of rail-based freight movement |
| Key Corridors | Jogbani-Biratnagar, Kolkata-Nautanwa (Sunauli), Visakhapatnam-Nautanwa (Sunauli) |
| Type of Cargo Allowed | Containerized and bulk cargo |
| Nepal Customs Yard Location | Morang district, near Biratnagar |
| Indian Ports Involved | Kolkata, Visakhapatnam |
| Strategic Significance for Nepal | Faster and cheaper logistics, better access to global markets through Indian ports, reduced trade costs |
| Strategic Significance for India | Reinforces India's position as Nepal's largest trade partner, advances "Act East" and "Neighbourhood First" policies, enhances multimodal logistics infrastructure |
| Infrastructure Development | Jogbani-Biratnagar rail link built with Indian grant assistance, inaugurated on June 1, 2023 |
| India's Share in Nepal's Trade | Largest trade and investment partner (over two-thirds of Nepal's external trade) |
| Background | India-Nepal Treaty of Transit provides Nepal access to sea through Indian ports; joint infrastructure projects include roads, pipelines, and rail links |
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