| Category | Details |
|---|---|
| Nobel Prizes Overview | First awarded in 1901; six fields: Physics, Chemistry, Medicine, Literature, Peace, Economics. |
| 2025 Physiology or Medicine Winners | Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, Shimon Sakaguchi. |
| 2025 Medicine Award | Awarded for discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance. |
| Foxp3 Gene Identification | Brunkow and Ramsdell identified the Foxp3 gene in 2001. |
| Fred Ramsdell's Affiliation | Associated with Sonoma Biotherapeutics, San Francisco. |
| Mary E. Brunkow's Nationality | Belongs to the United States of America. |
| 2025 Physics Winners | John Clarke, Michel H. Devoret, John M. Martinis. |
| 2025 Physics Award | Awarded for discovery of quantum tunnelling and energy quantisation in an electric circuit. |
| John Clarke's Affiliation | Associated with University of California, Berkeley. |
| John Clarke's Birthplace | Born in Cambridge, UK. |
| Quantum Tunnelling | Defined as a particle moving through a barrier it cannot cross in classical physics. |
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