| Category | Details |
|---|---|
| Nobel Prize Year | 2025 |
| Category | Physiology or Medicine |
| Laureates | Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, Shimon Sakaguchi |
| Institutions | Institute for Systems Biology (USA), Sonoma Biotherapeutics (USA), Osaka University (Japan) |
| Award Citation | "For their discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance." |
| Key Discovery | Identification of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and their role in preventing autoimmune attacks. |
| Sakaguchi's Contribution (1995) | Discovered Tregs, proving immune tolerance extends beyond the thymus. |
| Brunkow & Ramsdell's Work (2001) | Identified Foxp3 gene, linking its mutations to autoimmune disorders like IPEX syndrome. |
| Breakthrough Connection (2003) | Sakaguchi proved Foxp3 is crucial for Treg development, explaining immune regulation. |
| Medical Applications | Autoimmune disease therapies, cancer immunotherapy, organ transplant tolerance. |
| Prize Amount | 11 million Swedish kronor (shared equally). |
| Awarding Institution | Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet. |
| Significance | Revolutionized immunology, enabling next-generation treatments. |
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